пʼятниця, 18 грудня 2020 р.

Дистанційне навчання 10-A (19.12.2020)

 Дистанційне навчання 10-A (19.12.2020)

Lesson

Saturday, the ninteenth of  December

Theme: Letter of Apology

An apology letter is a physical document or email that acknowledges a mistake, expresses regret and asks for the letter recipient's forgiveness or patience. Apology letters are important in the workplace because they create a physical or digital record of your admitting to and attempting to rectify a mistake or failure. Employees who are able to recognize when they are wrong and who make an effort to fix their mistakes are valuable additions to any professional team.

Writing an effective apology letter can be challenging but is also an incredibly significant skill. If you can humbly acknowledge your shortcomings and make amends for your mistakes, you are likely to be an effective employee and an asset to your workplace.

 

How to write an apology letter

When the time comes to write an apology letter, you may find yourself at a loss as to how to start, what to say and how much to write. Here are some simple steps you can follow to help you write an effective apology letter:

1. Acknowledge your mistake

The first step in writing an apology letter is informing your reader what the letter is about. Your first sentence should explain what you have done wrong and acknowledge the consequences that your mistake has had. For example, your letter might begin:

"Jackie, I need to tell you that I was the one responsible for sending you the wrong flight information for your most recent business trip. I realize that my mistake made you miss your flight and caused you unnecessary stress."

Owning up to your mistake from the very beginning of your letter will help you seem sincere and humble. It will also ensure that your recipient hears about your mistake from you instead of through office gossip. Confronting your mistake and reaching out to the affected party directly will help you resolve the issue as quickly as possible.

2. Apologize sincerely

The next step in writing your letter is to apologize. A sincere apology will involve saying "I am sorry" without any excuses or caveats. In many cases, a genuine apology that does not attempt to shift blame to anyone else is sufficient in earning your recipient's forgiveness. Part of apologizing sincerely is expressing your regret for the consequences you caused. For example, you might say:

"I am sorry for forgetting to email you the financial report you asked for. I felt awful when I heard that you had to reschedule your meeting with accounting because of my forgetfulness."

3. Share your plan to fix the problem

In addition to expressing your regret, you will also need to find a way to improve the situation. Assuring your recipient that you will do everything you can to make the matter right is a good place to start, but it will be even better if you can share the specific steps you will take to do so. Having this kind of plan shows your recipient that you recognize you owe them in some way and that you have put serious thought into how you can make the situation better. For example, you might write:

"I realize that my mistake made you look bad in front of the district manager. I have already called the district office and scheduled a meeting so I can explain that I am actually the one to blame."

4. Ask for forgiveness

Your letter should conclude with a specific attempt at making things right between you and your recipient. In most cases, this should involve a direct request for forgiveness. Asking for forgiveness shows that you realize the matter is not truly resolved until your relationship with the recipient is mended. It also invites the recipient to contribute to resolving the issue and finding closure. An example of this might be:

"I need to humbly ask for your forgiveness. I know that my mistake upset you, but I can hope we can resolve this and continue to work well together."

5. Deliver the letter

Depending on the situation and your relationship with the recipient, you might choose to either email your letter, send it by post or deliver it in person. If your mistake was an accident and if you and your recipient are equals in the workplace, a simple email would probably suffice. However, if your mistake was a result of poor judgment and if it affected your supervisor, manager or your entire team, it would likely be better to print the letter out and deliver to a superior's office in person. Regardless of the particular situation, the most important things to focus on are sincerity, humility and honesty.

 

Useful Language for Letter of Apology

Opening Remarks for Letter of Apology:

Formal

·        I am writing to apologise for

·        l must apologise for

·        Please accept my sincerest apologies for

·        How can I apologise enough for

·        l must apologise profusely for

Informal

·        I hope you will understand when I say that

·        What can I say, except I'm sorry that…

·        l’m sorry for

·        I owe you an apology

·        l’m so sorry if I upset you in any way

·        I can’t describe how sorry I am and how guilty I feel

Closing Remarks for Letter of Apology:

Formal

·        Once again, sincerest apologies for

·        l hope you will accept my apologies

·        l hope my apologies will be/are accepted

Informal

·        I hope you believe me when I say how sorry I am

·        l can’t tell you how sorry I am

·        I beg you to forgive me for

·        There is no excuse for... and I hope you’ll forgive me

 





Tips for writing apology letters

Here are some specific tips on how to write an effective apology letter:

  • Be sincere. The most important thing to communicate in an apology letter is genuine emotion. If your letter is too stiff or impersonal, your reader is not likely to appreciate the gesture. Try to imagine how the other person is feeling and respond appropriately. It may also help to read your letter out loud before sending it to make sure it sounds natural.
  • Be concise. Frequently, individuals find it hard to stop apologizing once they have started. Try to limit your word count and pack as much meaning as you can into just one or two paragraphs. If your letter is genuine, it should not take more than a few sentences to communicate your message effectively.
  • Be selfless. One of the primary temptations when penning an apology letter is to try to deflect blame onto others. It is important to take full responsibility for your actions, even if it damages your reputation or hurts your pride. Focus on the consequences of your actions and how you contributed to the problem. Additionally, be willing to make whatever personal sacrifices are necessary to make things right with your reader.

 

Apology letter examples

Here are a couple of examples of successful apology letters:

Example 1

Dear Isaac,

I apologize for excluding you from the company holiday party I hosted last week. I neglected to update my personal directory and accidentally left you and several other recent hires off of the invite list. I assure you that the exclusion was not intentional and that I feel terrible about my mistake.

It is very important to me to be a team player in our workplace, and I typically make a point of reaching out to new employees and making them feel welcome. I am disappointed in my oversight and I regret any pain or stress I caused you. I have already added your contact information to my personal address book and I assure you that something like this will never happen again.

I sincerely ask for your forgiveness. I hope my mistake has not damaged our relationship and I look forward to getting you to know better at the next company gathering.

All the best,
Rachel

Example 2

Mr. Anders,

Please accept my sincere apology on behalf of Edgar Wright Motors. We are so sorry to hear that your experience with the auto parts that we delivered did not meet the specifications you sent us. Our design and manufacturing teams should have studied your request more thoroughly and asked for your approval before shipping the final product. We understand this mistake and the delay that it has caused has been frustrating for you.

We take full responsibility for our fault in this situation and would like to replace the incorrect parts and offer you a company gift card for $100, usable in any of our 15 locations and through our online store. We hope you will accept this gesture of apology. Our development team will contact you soon to discuss your order and make certain that the replacement parts meet your needs.

We want to assure you that this type of issue will never present itself again. We have taken initiative with our manufacturing team to make sure special orders are filled more carefully in the future. We value you and your business and we hope to continue our professional relationship moving forward.

If you have any questions or want to discuss this matter further, please contact me directly or any member of our Customer Service team.

Yours Sincerely,
Jack Dylan
Regional Manager
Edgar Wright Motors


Homework:

Write a letter on one of the suggested topics


















пʼятниця, 11 грудня 2020 р.

Дистанційне навчання 10-A (12.12.2020)

Дистанційне навчання 10-A (12.12.2020)

Lesson

Saturday, the twelfth of  December

Theme: Appreciation Letter


 Appreciation Letter

It's always a good idea to write a letter of appreciation to express thanks and gratitude to someone who has provided help or assistance to you, whether this was during the course of a job search or simply in the daily course of your performance in the workplace.

It’s also a good idea to write personal letters or email messages showing your appreciation and thanks for those who have helped you in your personal life.

These letters aren’t difficult to write, and reviewing a sample letter of appreciation may make it even easier for you.

Sending a letter of appreciation is a great way to reach out and make others aware of your gratitude for their help. It's a courteous gesture – and also helps increase the likelihood that people will lend you a hand again in the future. 

What to Include in Your Letter

A letter of appreciation does not have to be long. Sincerity is more meaningful than length. Begin the letter with a greeting, and then let the recipient know why you're writing.

For example, you might say: "Thank you for bringing me up to speed on the new accounting program," or "I just wanted to let you know how much I've appreciated your advice over the past two weeks as I deliberated over those two job offers." 

Not sure what to write? Here are thank you quotes for a variety of circumstances that you can tailor for your own correspondence, and include in your letter or email.

Next, share more details about how much the recipient's help has meant to you. Thank them again before your closing sign-off. 

Your letter of appreciation can be as simple as a short thank-you email, but since email inboxes overflow, it might be even more meaningful to mail a handwritten letter or card.


Sample Appreciation Letter

This is an appreciation letter example

Avery Jones

123 Main Street, Anytown, CA 12345 · 555-555-5555 · avery.jones@email.com

 

September 1, 2018

 

Viola Lee

Vice President, Customer Relations

ACME Financial

123 Business Rd.

Business City, NY 54321

 

Dear Ms. Lee,


Thank you for taking the time to talk with me today. I sincerely appreciate the time you spent reviewing my career goals and recommending strategies for achieving them. Your advice was very helpful and gave me a new perspective on available opportunities.

I especially appreciate your offer to connect me to others in your network. I plan on following up with the contacts you emailed me right away. I will also use the online networking resources you recommended to further my job search.

Any additional suggestions you may have would be welcome. I'll update you as my search progresses.

Again, thank you so much for your help. I greatly appreciate the assistance you have provided me.

Best regards,

Avery Jones (signature hard copy letter)

Avery Jones


Work in pairs

Divide the sentences into two colons: dos and don’ts.

1. Use simple grammar. Avoid things like the passive

2. Use smileys.

3. Start a new paragraph for each topic.

4. Use informal greetings and endings.

5. Use respectful and polite tone.

6.  Use formal linking words

7. Use words/ phrases in the passive

8. Use numbers and bullet points to make the message clearer.

9. Use less formal language

10. Use abbreviations like coz and uni


Homework.

Imagine you spent three weeks at your English penpal's house. Write a letter to the family thanking them for their hospitality.


https://www.thebalancecareers.com/types-of-thank-you-letters-2063990




четвер, 10 грудня 2020 р.

Дистанційне навчання 4-В (11.12.2020)

 Дистанційне навчання 4-В (11.12.2020)

Lesson

Friday, the eleventh of  December

Theme: Виконання письмової роботи


Viktoriia Novikova приглашает вас на запланированную конференцию: Zoom.

Тема: Англійська мова 4-В

Время: 11 дек. 2020 09:00 AM Киев

Подключиться к конференции Zoom

https://us04web.zoom.us/j/73407904162?pwd=OUszL2RqRDEzbFk1SG4xZXdvWlZLZz09

Идентификатор конференции: 734 0790 4162

Код доступа: NBtx0G


1. Do exercise 3 page 44 SB

To present new vocabulary - Parts of the body

2. Do exercise 1 page 25 WB

3. Do exercise 4 page 45 SB

To present new vocabulary - Appearance

4. Do exercise 2 page 25 WB

Hometask:

1. Learn by heart new vocabulary

2. Fill in the crossword and find the hidden words.

3. What body parts are they? Put the letters in the correct order.



SEND PICTURES\PHOTOS OF THE PAGES TO MY EMAIL 

VNOVIKOVA835@GMAIL.COM

YOU ARE FREE TO ASK QUESTIONS


https://viktoriianovikova99.blogspot.com









середа, 9 грудня 2020 р.

Дистанційне навчання 10-A (05.12.2020)

 Дистанційне навчання 10-A (05.12.2020)

Lesson

Saturday, the fifth of  December

Theme: Booking tickets and hotel rooms by phone


Making the booking

I’d like to book a (single / double / twin) room for two nights, please.I’d like to make a reservation for a (single / double / twin) room for the night of (date), please.(a reservation = a booking)

Do you have any double rooms left for the weekend?Do you have any double rooms available this weekend?(left = available)

How much is… a single room / a double room / a suite?

What time is check-in? (check-in = when you arrive and give your passport information)What time is check-out? (when you leave and pay)What time is breakfast?

Are all your rooms ensuite? (= with bathroom)Is there wifi in the room?Is there a lift? (life / elevator)

Booking a Hotel Room in English

Types of room

double room = room with a double bed (for two people) twin room = room with two beds

single room = room with one bed (for one person)

suite = more than one room (e.g. bedroom and living room

cot = a bed for a baby

Availability

fully-booked = no rooms available

Other facilities

ensuite bathroom = a bathroom attached to the bedroom

a safe = a box with a key where you put valuables (passport, jewellery, money etc)

a minibar = a small fridge with drinks inside such as coke, water, juice, wine

tea and coffee making facilities = a kettle (to boil water), cups, coffee, milk, sugar and tea sachets

(24-hour) room service = meals delivered to your room

laundry / dry cleaning service = your clothes can be washed for you

bar and restaurant = the hotel has a bar and a restaurant for drinks and meals

wifi = internet connection (pronounced wai – fai)

full English breakfast = big breakfast with toast, eggs, bacon, cereal, etc

continental breakfast = small breakfast with croissant, coffee, juice

a wake-up call = when the telephone rings to wake you up


AT THE HOTEL 
Task 1. Learn the following words and phrases:





Task 5. Read the text about hotels. Choose from (A–H) the one which best fits each space (1–6). Use all choices. 
A. which are the best and most expensive. 
B. types of hotel accommodation. 
C. usually employ about one staff member.
D. fail to show up without cancelling your reservation. 
E. the housekeeping staff. 
F. overnight lodging for business people. 
G. includes breakfast, lunch and dinner. 
H. in good working order.

AT THE HOTEL 
Whenever people travel on business they need to stay at hotel. Hotels provide (1) … . Its basic service is providing a room to sleep in. But most hotels also have at least one restaurant or a caf. Many hotels also offer room and services for meetings, and some have shops and even offer entertainment. 
Big and respectable hotels (2) … for every two rooms. The hotel staff works around the clock to make the guests comfortable. (3) … cleans each room daily. Bellhops carry luggage and packages to the guests’ rooms. The engineering department keeps the hotel’s electricity, plumbing, heat and air conditioning (4) … . Some hotel restaurants provide room service, by which guests can have food and beverages brought to their rooms. 
However pleasant and polite receptionists may seem, most hotels have very strict policies. When you book a room you usually have to make a deposit. But if you cancel your reservation you lose it and if you (5) … the hotel charges one night’s room rate on your card. Also you have to check out by 12 pm, otherwise you’ll be charged extra money. 
Hotels are usually graded with stars from one-star to five-star, (6) … . You can also stay in a Bed & Breakfast (B&B) (also called Guest Houses) where you pay for a bedroom, possibly an ensuite (a room with private bathroom) and breakfast. (7) … are as follows: 
• a single room: for one person with a single bed; 
• a double room: for two people with one double bed; 
• a twin room: for two people with two single beds; 
• half board: includes breakfast and dinner; 
• full board: (8) … ; 
• B&B: just the room and breakfast.



Task 4. Read this conversation in a hotel and put the lines in the correct order:
- Certainly. A single room or double? 
- Just this one bag 
- Yes, sure. Do you want my address too? 
- Here is your key. Your room number is 311. I hope you enjoy your stay. 
- Single, please. 
- Good evening. Can I help you? 
- A shower. How much is the room? 
- Yes, please. Can I have a room for the night? 53 
- No, thanks. Just breakfast. Can I pay by credit card? 
- No. Just a signature. Do you have any luggage? 
- Yes, of course. We take Visa and Access. Could you sign the register, please? 
- Would you like a room with a shower or a bath? 
- 72 pounds for the room and breakfast. Would you like an evening meal? 
- Thanks.


Task 6. Translate the words and phrases into Ukrainian: 
Arrive, guest, chambermaid, expensive / cheap, fill in a registration form, reserve, express service / urgent service, depart / check out, the reception desk / counter, confirmation, accommodation, single / double room, book in advance, porter (U. K), doorman, suite, hotel clerks / attendants, tip (extra pay), receptionist.


Homework
Imagine
In a month two representatives of your company will arrive in Vermont, the USA and plan to be there for a week. Using examples given below try to write your own letter of inquiry to the best hotel in the city:























Дистанційне навчання 10-A (21, 28.11.2020)

Дистанційне навчання 10-A (21, 28.11.2020)

Lesson

Saturday, the twenty-first of November

Theme: Business trip abroad. Information about the arrival/departure of the plane, train, bus. Transport delays. Luggage compartments. 


How to get ready for a trip?

1. Pack appropriately

Organize your luggage and put everything in its designated place. Bring important documents like your passport, ID, and other booking details. Have a soft copy of those files on your phone in case of emergencies. Make sure that gadgets like your mobile phone and laptop are fully charged. Bring clothing and shoes that are versatile. 

2. Map out your day

Before leaving the country, plan ahead. Create maps for all your appointments. Download an offline map app on your phone to get a general idea of directions when you have no internet access.

3. Represent your company well

Remember that when you meet prospects or clients, whether inside and outside your home country, you are representing your company. How you dress and what you say give the people you meet a first-hand impression of what your company is like.

4. Talk to your bank and keep your receipts

Inform your bank in advance about your destination and the dates you will be there to make sure that your credit and debit cards are working. Keep your receipts for company records or reimbursements when you get back.

5. Eat and sleep right

Pack in advance and get as much sleep as you can before the trip. Eating properly and getting at least a minimum amount of sleep make you function better throughout the entire day and for the duration of the trip.


GOING ON A BUSINESS TRIP

John Thompson is an international sales representative for a large multinational corporation with its headquarters in Liverpool. He often has to travel overseas to visit factories and meet with foreign clients. Next week, he will be visiting an Auto Show in Beijing for three days before going on to Shangai to see his clients. 

    His secretary, Tracy Fisher, usually handles his travel arrangements. She calls the travel agency to make the reservation. She has to consider factors such as the check-in time, departure and arrival times, and visa requirements (if any). 

    Once Mr. Thompson has his tickets and travel documents in order, Tracy calls the travel agency again to confirm his reservation. Tracy is also responsible for making his hotel reservations. Since Mr. Thompson often has to meet guests at his hotel, he wants her to make sure that a large suite will be ready for him when he arrives at his destination. 

    When he goes abroad for business, his company pays for his flights. Thompson usually travels in business class. When he has enough frequent flyer miles, he can upgrade to first class. He is such an experienced traveler that when there is turbulence, he usually sleeps right through it. His only complaint is that he often suffers from jet lag, especially on long trips. 

He usually arrives at the airport two hours before his flight is scheduled to depart. There, he checks in and receives his boarding pass. He is also informed of his gate and seat number. If he has enough time, he may visit the duty-free shops in the airport. This time he arrived early at the airport and so he is doing some shopping for his relatives. 

    When he arrives at his destination, he makes sure his passport, visa, and arrival card are in order so he can quickly go through customs and immigration. He has the following advice for business travelers: 

“Always pack lightly. I usually take one check-in and one carry-on baggage. As a business traveler, you will constantly be on the move, so bring the essentials and leave the rest at home.” 

“Don’t carry a lot of cash. You should take most of your money in cards. They can be used almost anywhere.” 

“Try to get plenty of rest before and after your flight. If you are travelling from New York to Beijing, you don’t want to suffer from jet lag.” 

“Last but not least, remember the old saying —‘When in Rome, do as the Romans do.’ Try to learn as much as possible about the country you are travelling to and follow the local customs.”


Task 3. Decide if the following statements are true (T), false (F) or not in the text (N). 

1. The company has factories in Liverpool. 

2. Tracy helps Mr Thompson organize his trips abroad. 

3. Mr Thompson travels both by sea and by plane. 

4. Mr Thompson travels only by business class. 

5. Mr Thompson wears a suit on his business trips abroad. 6. Mr Thompson arrives a few hours before his flight. 

7. Usually he doesn’t have large luggage. 

8. When he travels, Mr Thompson has problems with sleep. 

9. Before travelling abroad Mr Thompson reads information about foreign countries.


Business etiquette abroad 

— It’s possible to arrive at the business meeting a few minutes later after the scheduled time. 

— It’s a good idea to exchange business cards at the beginning. 

— A male can shake hands with a female business partner. 

— Discuss business only before meal. 

— Avoid physical contact while discussing business (e.g. pat him/her on the shoulder). 

— Giving presents at business meetings is forbidden. 

— Avoid alcohol and smoking. 

— Don’t say ‘no’ even if you disagree with your partner. 

— Always say ‘thank you’ for a lunch/dinner organized by your business partners.



Task 3. Complete the sentences with the words from the box. suites ° jet lag ° arrangements ° destination ° scheduled ° FFP ° headquarters ° overseas ° reward ° host
1. Mr Grant is a busy person, so his assistant takes care of his travel …. 
2. At the customs the passengers are often asked about their … and how long they are going to stay. 
3. Whenever I travel from London to New York I suffer from … . 
4. Nowadays many airlines have introduced … that aim to create a sense of loyalty among their clients and … them with free airfare, upgrades and many more.
5. Our hotel … are designed for business travelers who appreciate additional space and may use it to … small meetings or entertain clients. 
6. The conference was originally … for October 12, but it had to be canceled. 
7. Every morning all offices of our corporation get new instructions from … in London. 
8. After I graduated from university I went … and worked as a journalist in Canada and the USA.

Task 4. Pack your suitcase. 

Task 5. Read the text about hotels. Choose from (A–H) the one which best fits each space (1–6). Use all choices. 
A. which are the best and most expensive. 
B. types of hotel accommodation. 
C. usually employ about one staff member.
D. fail to show up without cancelling your reservation. 
E. the housekeeping staff. 
F. overnight lodging for business people. 
G. includes breakfast, lunch and dinner. 
H. in good working order.

AT THE HOTEL 
Whenever people travel on business they need to stay at hotel. Hotels provide (1) … . Its basic service is providing a room to sleep in. But most hotels also have at least one restaurant or a caf. Many hotels also offer room and services for meetings, and some have shops and even offer entertainment. 
Big and respectable hotels (2) … for every two rooms. The hotel staff works around the clock to make the guests comfortable. (3) … cleans each room daily. Bellhops carry luggage and packages to the guests’ rooms. The engineering department keeps the hotel’s electricity, plumbing, heat and air conditioning (4) … . Some hotel restaurants provide room service, by which guests can have food and beverages brought to their rooms. 
However pleasant and polite receptionists may seem, most hotels have very strict policies. When you book a room you usually have to make a deposit. But if you cancel your reservation you lose it and if you (5) … the hotel charges one night’s room rate on your card. Also you have to check out by 12 pm, otherwise you’ll be charged extra money. 
Hotels are usually graded with stars from one-star to five-star, (6) … . You can also stay in a Bed & Breakfast (B&B) (also called Guest Houses) where you pay for a bedroom, possibly an ensuite (a room with private bathroom) and breakfast. (7) … are as follows: 
• a single room: for one person with a single bed; 
• a double room: for two people with one double bed; 
• a twin room: for two people with two single beds; 
• half board: includes breakfast and dinner; 
• full board: (8) … ; 
• B&B: just the room and breakfast.

Task 6. Read the text and find out how culture influences business etiquette.
CULTURE MATTERS … 
Every culture is different, and has different styles of etiquette. Every day deals are lost because cultural misunderstandings. These misunderstandings do not have to be huge to have a negative effect on your business – a poor first impression could leave your prospective partner with a bad feeling. Knowing the right etiquette can help you avoid this and save you a great deal of time and money. Mr Thompson shares what he has learned from his experience: 
Greeting. Handshakes are the typical form of physical greeting in most countries. But they are longer in the Middle East than in Western countries. It is recommended that you wait for the other person to withdraw his/her hand before you do. If you are a man greeting an Arab businesswoman, wait for her to initiate a hand shake as some conservative women may choose to not shake hands with men. 
Time and Space. Being punctual is one of the easiest ways to make a good impression without a lot of effort. In some cultures, it is not expected that people will be on time. For example in Latin America it is acceptable to be a little late. But if your colleague or customer is late for a meeting, it is best to take a relaxed view. People from different cultures also have different ideas about personal space. Standing close or touching another person during the conversation is considered appropriate. In Mexico, it is OK to give a friendly pat on the back, but in China you should never touch the other person. 
Business cards. Nowadays people rarely use business cards in the U.S and in Europe because you can do more things with a smartphone. But in many countries you won’t be taken seriously if you don’t have a business card to give someone when you greet. The business card exchange is extremely important in Japan – almost ceremonial. Always give business cards with two hands and remember to admire and examine the card when you receive it. The more time you spend looking at it indicates the more respect you have for the person. 
Meals. Very often international business is negotiated and discussed at social events, like business lunches and dinners. Never eat with your hands, even if it is a sandwich or a pizza. Use a napkin or other utensils. In the US business may be conducted over breakfast, lunch or dinner. In Germany business matters are usually discussed before or after the meal; never during. The Chinese do not discuss business at any meal. In Japan you should never service yourself to pour a drink. Your host, or someone else at the table, will fill your glass for you. In Australia, alcohol is discouraged at business lunches. Drinking moderately at business meals is acceptable in Germany; in Russia, you are expected to drink to establish closer relationships. In most European countries and in the US it is considered polite to thank your host for a meal. But never do this in India – it is considered a form of payment and, therefore, insulting. 
Gifts. Depending on where you’re going, gifts in business may be expected in some countries, and could be considered a bribe in others. Always wrap your gifts for Japanese partners. The value of a gift is less important than thoughtfulsness with which it was prepared. In China you have to give and receive gifts with both hands. Besides, it’s considered rude to open a gift in front of the person who gave it. On the contrary in Africa, gifts are opened immediately upon receipt. Many US companies discourage or limit gift giving as it may be seen as a bribe. Mostly it is polite to give small gifts when meeting someone, but avoid giving very expensive gifts. Otherwise this can make your partner might feel uncomfortable. 
Agreeing and disagreeing. When offering a deal to your business partner you are expecting a ‘yes’ response. But be ready for the unexpected. For example, the Japanese typically respond with ‘yes’ as you talk to them even if they disagree with you. They say it just to acknowledge that they understand what you are saying. It is similar to Indian culture where saying ‘no’ is impolite. So instead of saying ‘no’, respond with ‘possibly’, ‘I’ll try’, ‘we’ll see’. And remember that Bulgarians nod if they disagree with you and shake their heads to say ‘yes’.

Task 7. Decide if the following statements are true (T), false (F) to check how you have understood the text. Comment on your opinion.
1. In Brazil it is acceptable to be a bit late for the meeting. 
2. Women don’t do business in Saudi Arabia. 
3. Business cards are losing popularity all over the world. 
4. Give business cards with both hands in China. 
5. In Germany business matters are usually discussed during the meal. 6. It’s not appropriate to eat pizza or sandwich with your hands. 
7. In Japan you can help yourself if you want a drink. 
8. In the US gifts may be regarded as a bribe. 
9. In China your business partners open gifts as they receive them. 
10. If Japanese says ‘I’ll try’ or ‘possibly’ it is likely to mean ‘no’.

Your home task for the next lesson is
Work in pairs, write a dialogue. Imagine that you are going on a business trip. Describe how you are going on a trip, what necessary things you will take with you. Also, you can write a dialogue, which may take place at the airport, with a business partner etc. 
Dream up!