Дистанційне навчання 10-A (20.03.2021)
Lesson
Saturday, the twentieth of March
Theme: British art as a consequence of the
country's socio-cultural development. British folklore: sagas, folk songs,
dances.
The folk music of
England is a tradition-based music, which has existed since the
later medieval period.
It is often contrasted with courtly, classical and
later commercial music. Folk music is traditionally preserved and passed on
orally within communities, but print and subsequently audio recordings have
since become the primary means of transmission. The term is used to refer both
to English traditional music and music composed or
delivered in a traditional style.
It can be seen as having distinct regional and local variations in content and style, particularly in areas more removed from the cultural and political centres of the English state, as in Northumbria, or the West Country. Cultural interchange and processes of migration mean that English folk music, although in many ways distinctive, has significant crossovers with the music of Scotland. When English communities migrated to the United States, Canada and Australia, they brought their folk traditions with them, and many of the songs were preserved by immigrant communities.
English folk music has produced or contributed to several cultural phenomena, including sea shanties, jigs, hornpipes and the music for Morris dancing. It has also interacted with other musical traditions, particularly classical and rock music, influencing musical styles and producing musical fusions, such as British folk rock, folk punk and folk metal. There remains a flourishing sub-culture of English folk music, which continues to influence other genres and occasionally gains mainstream attention.
Morris dancing is a
form of English folk dance usually
accompanied by music. It is based on rhythmic stepping and the execution of
choreographed figures by a group of dancers, usually wearing bell pads on their
shins. Implements such as sticks, swords and handkerchiefs may also be wielded
by the dancers. In a small number of dances for one or two people, steps are
near and across a pair of clay tobacco pipes laid one across the other on the
floor. They clap their sticks, swords, or handkerchiefs together to match with
the dance.
The earliest known and
surviving English written mention of Morris dance is dated to 1448 and records
the payment of seven shillings to Morris dancers by the Goldsmiths' Company in London. Further
mentions of Morris dancing occur in the late 15th century, and there are also
early records such as bishops' "Visitation Articles" mentioning sword
dancing, guising and
other dancing activities, as well as mumming
plays.
While the earliest
records invariably mention "Morys" in a court setting, and a little
later in the Lord Mayors' Processions in London, it had
assumed the nature of a folk dance performed in the parishes by the mid 17th
century.
There are around 150
Morris jingles (or teams) in the United States. English expatriates form a
larger part of the Morris tradition in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and
Hong Kong. There are isolated groups in other countries, for example those
in Utrecht and Helmond, Netherlands;
the Arctic Morris Group of Helsinki, Finland and
Stockholm, Sweden; as well as in Cyprus and St. Petersburg, Russia.
The world of Morris is
organised and supported by three organisations: Morris Ring, Morris Federation and
Open Morris.
Do exercise 2
Homework
Write about the main heritage of British art.
