Дистанційне навчання 10-A (16.12.2020)

 

Дистанційне навчання 10-A (16.12.2020)

Lesson

Saturday, the sixteenth of December

Theme: The Late 19th And Early 20th Centuries. Oscar Wilde

 

The Late 19th And Early 20th Centuries

As educational opportunity expanded among African Americans after the war, a self-conscious Black middle class with serious literary ambitions emerged in the later 19th century. Their challenge lay in reconciling the genteel style and sentimental tone of much popular American literature, which middle-class Black writers often imitated, to a real-world sociopolitical agenda that, after the abandonment of Reconstruction in the South, obliged African American writers to argue the case for racial justice to an increasingly indifferent white audience. In the mid-1880s Oberlin College graduate Anna Julia Cooper, a distinguished teacher and the author of A Voice from the South (1892), began a speaking and writing career that highlighted the centrality of educated Black women in the broad-gauged reform movements in Black communities of the post-Reconstruction era.

African American poetry developed along two paths after 1880. The traditionalists were led by Albery Allson Whitman, who made his fame among Black readers with two book-length epic poems, Not a Man, and Yet a Man (1877) and The Rape of Florida (1884), the latter written in Spenserian stanzas.

 

Oscar Wilde, in full Oscar Fingal O’Flahertie Wills Wilde, (born October 16, 1854, Dublin, Ireland—died November 30, 1900, Paris, France), Irish wit, poet, and dramatist whose reputation rests on his only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891), and on his comic masterpieces Lady Windermere’s Fan (1892) and The Importance of Being Earnest (1895). He was a spokesman for the late 19th-century Aesthetic movement in England, which advocated art for art’s sake, and he was the object of celebrated civil and criminal suits involving homosexuality and ending in his imprisonment (1895–97).

He was called the king of paradoxes. Indeed, Wilde's thought tended to be molded into outwardly contradictory and shocking forms. “It is necessary to make common truths tumble on a tight rope of thought in order to test them for stability,” said Wilde. Sometimes he was so carried away by the search for originality that he could sacrifice depth. Oscar Wilde's appearance and behavior are also unusual. A pale, bloodless face, wide cheekbones, no sign of vegetation, although at that time the lush mustache and beards of a goatee were fashionable. From under heavy eyelids, dark gray eyes always hide the irony. Long, curly hair falls freely to strong, like a loader's shoulders. In the crowd, he rises almost a head above the passers-by, but he would have attracted attention, if he was of ordinary height: with an exquisite casual suit, a ring in the shape of a scarab - the ancient Egyptians revered this beetle as the embodiment of a solar deity - and an invariable violet in his buttonhole. Notebook wit competed in mockery at him, satirical couplets are sung about him: I am poetic, ah, I am aesthetic, Narcissus is really akin to me. " He liked to puzzle everyone with the eccentricity of judgments, behavior, actions. However, most of Wilde's paradoxes are by no means the spectacular bling that adorns the dress of eloquence, and behind their shocking abstractness are the judgments of the original and discerning mind. As one of the heroes of the novel "The Picture of Dorian Gray" says, "the truth of life is revealed to us precisely in the form of paradoxes." "Only the outer and superficial lurk in the soul for a long time, the deepest soon comes out." "Those who see the difference between soul and body have neither body nor soul."

 

Homework

You have a list with quotations from Plays by Oscar Wilde. Look them through and find paradoxes. Choose any paradox and give your opinion about it. How do you understand it?

Don’t use big words. They mean so little.
An Ideal Husband

Experience is the name every one gives to their mistakes.
Lady Windermere’s Fan

Little things are so very difficult to do.
An Ideal Husband

Sooner or later we have all to pay for what we do.
An Ideal Husband

There is nothing like youth. Youth is the Lord of life.
A Woman of No Importance

Дистанційне навчання 10-A (18.11.2020)

 

Дистанційне навчання 10-A (18.11.2020)

Lesson

Saturday, the eighteenth of  November

Theme: Walter Scott. Ivanhoe

 

Sir Walter Scott was born on August 15, 1771 in Edinburgh, Scotland. Scott created and popularized historical novels in a series called the Waverley Novels. In his novels Scott arranged the plots and characters so the reader enters into the lives of both great and ordinary people caught up in violent, dramatic changes in history.

Scott’s work shows the influence of the 18th century enlightenment. He believed every human was basically decent regardless of class, religion, politics, or ancestry. Tolerance is a major theme in his historical works. The Waverley Novels express his belief in the need for social progress that does not reject the traditions of the past. He was the first novelist to portray peasant characters sympathetically and realistically, and was equally just to merchants, soldiers, and even kings.

Scott wrote frequently about the conflicts between different cultures. Ivanhoe (1791) deals with the struggle between Normans and Saxons, and the Talisman (1825) describes the conflict between Christians and Muslims. The novels dealing with Scottish history are probably Scott’s best. They deal with clashes between new commercial English culture and an older Scottish culture. Many critics rank “Old Mortality” (1816), “The Heart of Midlothian” (1819), and “St Ronan’s Well” (1824) as Scott’s best novels. Other works in the Waverley series include “Rob Roy” (1817), “A Legend of Montrose” (1819), and “Quentin Dunward” (1823).

Scott’s amiability, generosity, and modesty made him popular with his contemporaries. He was also famous for entertaining on a grand scale at his Scottish estate, Abbotsford.

 

"Find a mistake" - The time depicted in the work - XV century. (XII century.) - The work "Ivanhoe" belongs to the adventure novels, the founder of which is considered to be W. Scott (historical novel) - A historical work is a work that tells a lot of interesting things stories that happened to the characters. (- This is a novel based on historical events, reproduces in artistic form a certain era). - The epoch reflected in the novel is called the Renaissance (the Middle Ages). - In those distant times in England, the Norman Saxon feudal lords maintained friendly relations. (On the contrary, fought). - The King of England at that time was William the Lionheart - Saxon by birth. (King Richard the Lionheart, Norman). - The main character of the novel is the knight Athelstan. (Ivanhoe)

Honor - a certain moral status of a person, a certain standard of its evaluation according to belonging to a particular group of people - social, professional, national, age, which gives the right to honor, respect, recognition.

Dignity is a person's awareness of his value as a person in general, as a representative of humanity.

Duty is the moral awareness of a case that makes it a task for a person.

Compassion is a sensitive attitude to another's grief, to someone's experiences, the ability to share the joy and sorrow of another person, to pity her in pain and failure.

Charity is an active desire to help everyone in need.

 

Interview with the hero.

1. T. Your origin Son of the proud Saxon tan Cedric of Rotherwood antiquity and honor of its ancient family)

2. T. Why did your father kick you out of the house?

A (For love to Lady Rowena)

3. T. Who do you serve?

A. (King Richard the Lionheart)

4. T. Why doesn't your father like it?

A. (because Richard is a Norman, and Cedric defended everything Saxon and dreamed on the return to the English throne of the Saxons).

5. T. And why did you - the Saxons - go to serve the Norman Richard?

A. (I believe that peace is very important for my homeland, no conflicts. The people must live peacefully and happily. This requires a strong king. And so is Richard, even if he is a Norman).

6. T. Why did you decide to take part in the tournament in Ashby?

A. (If Athelstan won the tournament, Lady Rowena would have to marry him, I could not allow it)

7. T. Were you sure of your victory?

A. Yes, of course.

8. T. Why did you, still weak after the injury, rush to the rescue Kids?

A. (First, she helped me heal; second, she a woman in need of protection, thirdly, Bouagilbert is an evil that has be punished)

9. T. Explain your coat of arms.

A. (On my shield is a young oak with uprooted roots and the inscription "Desdichado" (Deprived of Inheritance). These signs are symbols of my chivalrous valor, and at the same time a rejection of my home).

10.T. Can you be considered the perfect person?

A. (No, I can't be proud of many things. But I always am wanted to help people, thought of his way to England. Maybe not everything worked out, but I tried)

 

Conclusion. Ivanhoe - the perfect knight. The literal and figurative meaning of the word knight coincide when it comes to him. Creating the image of Ivanhoe, Walter Scott reminds his contemporaries and you and me of the concepts that are most important for a noble man: honesty, justice, love of country, loyalty to a beautiful lady. Knightly spirit distinguishes a valiant warrior. He teaches to value honor more than one's own life, not to pay attention to all kinds of troubles, worries and sufferings, not to be afraid of anything but disgrace. The best reward for a knight is glory. It will immortalize the name of the hero.

Дистанційне навчання 10-A (18.11.2020)

Дистанційне навчання 10-A (18.11.2020)

Lesson

Saturday, the eighteenth of  November

Theme: Robert Burns. His Life and Literary Work.

 

 

R. Burns, a great Scottish poet. His birthday is celebrated in Scotland as a national holiday. He was born on the 25^th of January, 1759 in a small village, which is called Allowway, in Ayrshire. You can see this clay cottage where R.Burns was born and spent 7 years of his life.

There were seven children in the family, and Robert was the eldest.

His father, William Burns, was a small farmer and Robert learned from his father to love and understand people. From his mother he learned something important. As she worked she often sang old countryside sing. In the evening she told the children popular folk songs (tales).

William Burns was poor, but wanted to give his children an education. Robert and his brother went to school, but they had to help their father with the farm work. When children couldn’t attend school of no money, William taught the children himself. Reading and writing, arithmetic, English grammar, history, literature, French and Latin – that was Robert Burbs’s education.

Robert Burns began to write poems when he was fifteen years old. In his poems he described with love and understanding things and people.

Wherever I wander,

Wherever I rove,

The hills of the highlands

Forever I love.

Liberty’s in every blow, let’s do or die! – R.Burns wrote in his poem. What was the first Burns’ love song? His first love song was dedicated to Nell, a country girl. Nell was thirteen at that time and Robert was a year old. “My handsome Nell” becomes the most popular song in the neighborhood.

Once I love a bonny lass

Ah, oh. I love her still.

At seventeen Burns had already decided to write his poetry in Scottish dialect, he could write English very well, but he loved the richness of the Scottish tongue.

Burns was 27 when his first book of poems was published. The book was called “Poems Chiefly in Scottish Dialect”.

  His famous poems are: “The tree of liberty”, “A red, red rose”, “My heart’s in the Highlands”.

Robert Burns died on July 21, 1796. He was only 37. R. Burns was berried at Dumfries. He was a great son of the Scottish people. There are many museums devoted to Burns in Scotland. R.Burns is known throughout the world. His poems have been translated into many languages.

Robert Burns represents the generation of Romantic writers. In his poems he described with love and understanding the single life he knew. “My hearts in the Highlands” is his best poem. (Робота з віршем «Моє серце в Верховині»).

 

Exercises:

I.                  Answer the questions.

1.     What is Robert Burns?

2.     When and where was he born?

3.     What family was Robert born in?

4.     Why did Robert Burns’ father teach him to read and to wite?

5.     When did Robert Burns beging to write his first poem?

6.     What did he write about in his poems?

7.     Why did he understand the life of poor people?

8.     When did he become famous in Great Britain and in other countries?

9.     Why is Robert Burns dear to the people all over the world?

 

II.               Fill the table with the events. (Заповніть таблицю подіями)

25
1759
7
15
27
1796
21
37

 

III.           Choose and fill in the appropriate word from the words in the box below. Use the words only once. You don’t need to use all the words.

Siblings   toll   venture   assistance   climes   lyrics   humble   harsh Confinement     lad    cock-a-leekie   to alienate

1)      Burns asked Jean’s father for …………after he had known about his illness.

2)    Robert and his ………….worked hard in the fields.

3)    Scottish climate often took its …………on Robert’s health.

4)    Despite his …………..roots Burns became one of the most celebrated poets during his lifetime.

5)    Renting a farm turned out to be a failing …………..

6)    James Johnson and Robert Burns collected Scottish national ……………..and music.

 

 

IV.           Match the words with the definitions:

1)    A sibling –                a) a very bad effect that something has on something;

2)    Harsh –                     b) the words of a song;

3)    Climes –                   c) old-fashioned: the time when a woman gives birth to a baby;

4)    Toll –                        d) a type of Scottish soup made with chicken, vegetables and leeks;

5)    A lad –                      e) formal for a brother or a sister;

6)    A venture –               f) literary for a place that has a particular type of climate;

7)    Lyrics –                        g) to do something that makes someone unfriendly or unwilling to

                                       support you;

8)    Confinement –            h) difficult to live in and very uncomfortable;

9)    Cock-a-leekie –           i) having a low social class or position;

10)                       Assistance  –    j) a young man;

11)                       To alienate  –   k) help or support;

12)                       Humble -          l) a new business activity that involves taking risks;

 

Homework

 To prepare a short story about the events and the life of Robert Burns, talk about his works.

Дистанційне навчання 10-A (19.12.2020)

Дистанційне навчання 10-A (19.12.2020)

Lesson

Saturday, the ninteenth of  December

Theme: The history of the Englisg language

Regardless of the many languages one is fortunate to be fluent in, English takes its place as one of the world’s predominant forms of communication with its influences extending over as much as +2 billion people globally.

 

Do exercise 1

Where it all started

According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, the English language itself really took off with the invasion of Britain during the 5th century. Three Germanic tribes, the Jutes, Saxons and Angles were seeking new lands to conquer, and crossed over from the North Sea. It must be noted that the English language we know and study through various English language courses today had yet to be created as the inhabitants of Britain spoke various dialect of the Celtic language.

During the invasion, the native Britons were driven north and west into lands we now refer to as Scotland, Ireland, and Wales. The word England and English originated from the Old English word Engla-land, literally meaning “the land of the Angles” where they spoke Englisc.

Old English (5th to 11th Century)

Albert Baugh, a notable English professor at the University of Pennsylvania notes amongst his published works that around 85% of Old English is no longer in use; however, surviving elements form the basis of the Modern English language today.

Old English can be further subdivided into the following:

·        Prehistoric or Primitive (5th to 7th Century) – available literature or documentation referencing this period is not available aside from limited examples of Anglo-Saxon runes;

·        Early Old English (7th to 10th Century) – this period contains some of the earliest documented evidence of the English language, showcasing notable authors and poets like Cynewulf and Aldhelm who were leading figures in the world of Anglo-Saxon literature.

·        Late Old English (10th to 11th Century) – can be considered the final phase of the Old English language which was brought about by the Norman invasion of England. This period ended with the consequential evolution of the English language towards Early Middle English. 

Homework

Decide whether the statements are true or false          

 

Дистанційне навчання 10-A (19.12.2020)

 Дистанційне навчання 10-A (19.12.2020)

Lesson

Saturday, the ninteenth of  December

Theme: Letter of Apology

An apology letter is a physical document or email that acknowledges a mistake, expresses regret and asks for the letter recipient's forgiveness or patience. Apology letters are important in the workplace because they create a physical or digital record of your admitting to and attempting to rectify a mistake or failure. Employees who are able to recognize when they are wrong and who make an effort to fix their mistakes are valuable additions to any professional team.

Writing an effective apology letter can be challenging but is also an incredibly significant skill. If you can humbly acknowledge your shortcomings and make amends for your mistakes, you are likely to be an effective employee and an asset to your workplace.

 

How to write an apology letter

When the time comes to write an apology letter, you may find yourself at a loss as to how to start, what to say and how much to write. Here are some simple steps you can follow to help you write an effective apology letter:

1. Acknowledge your mistake

The first step in writing an apology letter is informing your reader what the letter is about. Your first sentence should explain what you have done wrong and acknowledge the consequences that your mistake has had. For example, your letter might begin:

"Jackie, I need to tell you that I was the one responsible for sending you the wrong flight information for your most recent business trip. I realize that my mistake made you miss your flight and caused you unnecessary stress."

Owning up to your mistake from the very beginning of your letter will help you seem sincere and humble. It will also ensure that your recipient hears about your mistake from you instead of through office gossip. Confronting your mistake and reaching out to the affected party directly will help you resolve the issue as quickly as possible.

2. Apologize sincerely

The next step in writing your letter is to apologize. A sincere apology will involve saying "I am sorry" without any excuses or caveats. In many cases, a genuine apology that does not attempt to shift blame to anyone else is sufficient in earning your recipient's forgiveness. Part of apologizing sincerely is expressing your regret for the consequences you caused. For example, you might say:

"I am sorry for forgetting to email you the financial report you asked for. I felt awful when I heard that you had to reschedule your meeting with accounting because of my forgetfulness."

3. Share your plan to fix the problem

In addition to expressing your regret, you will also need to find a way to improve the situation. Assuring your recipient that you will do everything you can to make the matter right is a good place to start, but it will be even better if you can share the specific steps you will take to do so. Having this kind of plan shows your recipient that you recognize you owe them in some way and that you have put serious thought into how you can make the situation better. For example, you might write:

"I realize that my mistake made you look bad in front of the district manager. I have already called the district office and scheduled a meeting so I can explain that I am actually the one to blame."

4. Ask for forgiveness

Your letter should conclude with a specific attempt at making things right between you and your recipient. In most cases, this should involve a direct request for forgiveness. Asking for forgiveness shows that you realize the matter is not truly resolved until your relationship with the recipient is mended. It also invites the recipient to contribute to resolving the issue and finding closure. An example of this might be:

"I need to humbly ask for your forgiveness. I know that my mistake upset you, but I can hope we can resolve this and continue to work well together."

5. Deliver the letter

Depending on the situation and your relationship with the recipient, you might choose to either email your letter, send it by post or deliver it in person. If your mistake was an accident and if you and your recipient are equals in the workplace, a simple email would probably suffice. However, if your mistake was a result of poor judgment and if it affected your supervisor, manager or your entire team, it would likely be better to print the letter out and deliver to a superior's office in person. Regardless of the particular situation, the most important things to focus on are sincerity, humility and honesty.

 

Useful Language for Letter of Apology

Opening Remarks for Letter of Apology:

Formal

·        I am writing to apologise for

·        l must apologise for

·        Please accept my sincerest apologies for

·        How can I apologise enough for

·        l must apologise profusely for

Informal

·        I hope you will understand when I say that

·        What can I say, except I'm sorry that…

·        l’m sorry for

·        I owe you an apology

·        l’m so sorry if I upset you in any way

·        I can’t describe how sorry I am and how guilty I feel

Closing Remarks for Letter of Apology:

Formal

·        Once again, sincerest apologies for

·        l hope you will accept my apologies

·        l hope my apologies will be/are accepted

Informal

·        I hope you believe me when I say how sorry I am

·        l can’t tell you how sorry I am

·        I beg you to forgive me for

·        There is no excuse for... and I hope you’ll forgive me

 

Tips for writing apology letters

Here are some specific tips on how to write an effective apology letter:

• Be sincere. The most important thing to communicate in an apology letter is genuine emotion. If your letter is too stiff or impersonal, your reader is not likely to appreciate the gesture. Try to imagine how the other person is feeling and respond appropriately. It may also help to read your letter out loud before sending it to make sure it sounds natural.
• Be concise. Frequently, individuals find it hard to stop apologizing once they have started. Try to limit your word count and pack as much meaning as you can into just one or two paragraphs. If your letter is genuine, it should not take more than a few sentences to communicate your message effectively.
• Be selfless. One of the primary temptations when penning an apology letter is to try to deflect blame onto others. It is important to take full responsibility for your actions, even if it damages your reputation or hurts your pride. Focus on the consequences of your actions and how you contributed to the problem. Additionally, be willing to make whatever personal sacrifices are necessary to make things right with your reader.

 

Apology letter examples

Here are a couple of examples of successful apology letters:

Example 1

Dear Isaac,

I apologize for excluding you from the company holiday party I hosted last week. I neglected to update my personal directory and accidentally left you and several other recent hires off of the invite list. I assure you that the exclusion was not intentional and that I feel terrible about my mistake.

It is very important to me to be a team player in our workplace, and I typically make a point of reaching out to new employees and making them feel welcome. I am disappointed in my oversight and I regret any pain or stress I caused you. I have already added your contact information to my personal address book and I assure you that something like this will never happen again.

I sincerely ask for your forgiveness. I hope my mistake has not damaged our relationship and I look forward to getting you to know better at the next company gathering.

All the best,
Rachel

Example 2

Mr. Anders,

Please accept my sincere apology on behalf of Edgar Wright Motors. We are so sorry to hear that your experience with the auto parts that we delivered did not meet the specifications you sent us. Our design and manufacturing teams should have studied your request more thoroughly and asked for your approval before shipping the final product. We understand this mistake and the delay that it has caused has been frustrating for you.

We take full responsibility for our fault in this situation and would like to replace the incorrect parts and offer you a company gift card for $100, usable in any of our 15 locations and through our online store. We hope you will accept this gesture of apology. Our development team will contact you soon to discuss your order and make certain that the replacement parts meet your needs.

We want to assure you that this type of issue will never present itself again. We have taken initiative with our manufacturing team to make sure special orders are filled more carefully in the future. We value you and your business and we hope to continue our professional relationship moving forward.

If you have any questions or want to discuss this matter further, please contact me directly or any member of our Customer Service team.

Yours Sincerely,
Jack Dylan
Regional Manager
Edgar Wright Motors

Homework:

Write a letter on one of the suggested topics